Category: Raspberry Pi

Install Apache2

Install Apache2 web server.

$ sudo apt install apache2
$ sudo systemctl start apache2
$ sudo systemctl enable apache2

Configure Firewall

$ sudo ufw http

Check the configuration

Visit

http://192.168.10.108

from a Web browser. The IP address should be modified to yours.

Enable User Directory

$ sudo a2enmod userdir

Make User Directory

$ mkdir /home/user/public_html
$ chmod o+rw /home/user/public_html

Configure Firewall

First, you should allow a secret port number to access the server.

$ sudo ufw allow 80022
$ sudo ufw reload

Configure SSHd Setting

$ sudo vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config

Edit the “Port” option to your allowed port number.

Port 80022

Restart SSHd server

$ sudo systemctl restart sshd

Edit local config file

Edit the configuration file on the local machine.

$ vi ~/.ssh/config

Host raspberrypi
    HostName 192.168.10.108
    IdentifyFiles ~/.ssh/id_rsa
    User <<user-name>>
    Port 80022

Login with config file

$ ssh raspberrypi

Delete rule of 22 port

$ sudo ufw status numbered
$ sudo ufw delete <<Rule number for Port 22>>

Enable UFW

You should enable firewall to block dangerous access from outside. To enable UFW,

$ sudo systemctl enable ufw

Check the status of the fiewall

$ sudo ufw status numbered

Allow SSH connection

$ ssh ufw allow ssh

Activate the firewall

$ sudo ufw enable

Generate a key (on Local)

$ ssh keygen -t rsa -b 4096

Copy the key on server

$ ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub user@192.168.10.108

Login with the key

$ ssh user@192.168.10.108 -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa

Set Key Authentication Only

$ sudo vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config 

Notice: The file to edit is sshd_config not ssh_config.

In the file, edit below option from yes to no.

PasswordAuthentication no

After edit the file, you must restart sshd.

$ sudo systemctl restart sshd

On Windows client

On windows client, install ssh-copy-id command first. By using chocolatey, type the command on PowerShell as Administrator.

> choco install ssh-copy-id

Login Raspberry Pi with SSH

$ ssh ubuntu@<your ip address>

For example

$ ssh ubuntu@192.168.10.108

Rename ubuntu user

For security rename ubuntu user to another one.

Change user name

$ sudo usermod -l user ubuntu
$ sudo usermod -d /home/user -m user
$ sudo groupmod -n user ubuntu
$ sudo exit

Install Ubuntu

Insert the SD card to Raspberry Pi and turn on the switch.

After while, the installation will finish automatically.

Initial account

Initial account of Ubuntu on Raspberry Pi is

• user name: ubuntu
• password: ubuntu

Change the password

For security issue, you should change the password as soon as possible.

$ sudo password <secret-password>

Update the system

Update the system for security issue.

$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt upgrade

In shortly.

$sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

Download the Imager from the site.

Download the Imager from the raspberrypi.org site.

https://raspberrypi.org/software/

Install the Imager on Linux

Install the Imager on Ubuntu.

$ sudo dpkg -i imager_amd64.deb

Run the Imager

Insert a SD card to the PC and run the imager.

$ sudo rpi-imager